Central Bank

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Central Bank

A central bank is the monetary authority and major regulatory bank in a country.

A central bank is responsible for operating monetary policy and maintaining financial stability

Examples of central banks

Bank of England (UK)
European Central Bank (ECB) for all member nations of the Euro Area
United States Federal Reserve (The Fed)
Bank of Japan (BOJ)
Reserve Bank of Australia (AUD)
Reserve Bank of New Zealand (NZD)

Macro Case Study: Bank of England and inflation

Topical case studies
Macro Case Study: ECB and Eurozone stability

Topical case studies
Bank of England Cuts Rates to 3.75% — Explained

18th December 2025
In the News Teaching Activity – Will the Bank of England cut interest rates before Christmas? (Nov 2025)

17th November 2025
Essential A-Level Update: The UK Economy Before the 2025 Budget

16th October 2025
UK Base Rate Cut to 4% | Where Next for the Rest of 2025?

8th August 2025
In the News Teaching Activity – the £ has been appreciating against the $ (July 2025)

7th July 2025
Bank of England Cuts Interest Rates – What It Means for the UK Economy

6th February 2025
Inflation’s Second Wind: How Energy Costs Are Heating Up the UK Economy

20th November 2024
Base Rates Drop, But Your Mortgage Won't: The Economics Behind the Paradox

18th November 2024
Bank of England's Rate Dilemma: Why Lower Interest Rates Won’t Drop Fast

7th November 2024
Bank of England Eyes Interest Cuts as Inflation Hits Three-Year Low

17th October 2024
Money - Characteristics and Functions (Financial Economics)

Study Notes
UK Economy: What are neutral interest rates?

25th September 2024
Federal Reserve’s Interest Rate Cut: What It Means for the US Economy

18th September 2024
2.6.2. Role of the Bank of England (Monetary Policy)

Study Notes
IB Economics - Interest Rate Determination and Roles of a Central Bank

Study Notes
Financial Economics - The Unwinding of the Yen Carry Trade: A Global Market Wake-Up Call

10th August 2024
The Bank of England's Balancing Act: Navigating Inflation and Growth

2nd August 2024
Economic Winds Shift: Bank of England Cuts Interest Rates for First Time Since March 2020

1st August 2024
Bank of England needs to change their inflation forecasting model

16th April 2024
Edexcel A-Level Economics (A) Theme 2 Knowledge Organiser Pack 2

Exam Support
Edexcel A-Level Economics (A) Theme 4 Knowledge Organiser Pack 2

Exam Support
End of an Era - Japan Moves away from Negative Interest Rates

19th March 2024
Is the UK's inflation target fit for purpose?

1st February 2024
Financial Economics - Roles of Central Banks I A-Level and IB Economics

Topic Videos
UK interest rates likely to remain high for some time

28th November 2023
4.4.3 Financial Economics - Roles of Central Banks (Edexcel A-Level Economics Teaching PowerPoint)

Teaching PowerPoints
4.2.4.3 Central Banks (AQA A-Level Economics Teaching PowerPoint)

Teaching PowerPoints
4.4.3 Roles of Central Banks (Edexcel)

Study Notes
4.2.4.3 Central Banks and Monetary Policy (AQA A-Level Economics Teaching PowerPoint)

Teaching PowerPoints
Why is macroeconomic forecasting so difficult?

6th August 2023
Stagflation - How labour shortages are causing rising prices and interest rates

13th June 2023
UK Interest Rates Climb to 4.5% - Highest since 2008

12th May 2023
Inflation has made us poorer but whose fault is it?

1st May 2023
UK Economy - New Revision Videos on Growth and Monetary Policy

25th April 2023
Central Banks - Regulating the UK Banking Industry

Study Notes
Money Minders: Central Banks and their roles in an economy

8th March 2023
Interest Rates and Aggregate Demand and Supply

12th February 2023
Is the Bank of England set to issue a digital pound?

7th February 2023
BoE raises interest rates to 4% - the highest for 14 years

3rd February 2023
How can a central bank combat high inflation?

Study Notes
Policies to Control Inflation

Study Notes
Biggest Rise in UK Interest Rates for 33 Years!

3rd November 2022
Monetary Policy - Bank of England starts to reverse QE!

1st November 2022
Bank of England raises interest rates to 2.25% - highest level for 14 years

22nd September 2022
Is this a time for central banks to be more cautious in raising interest rates?

12th September 2022
Bank of England raises interest rates and now forecasts a recession in 2023

4th August 2022
US Federal Reserve raises interest rates by 0.75%

28th July 2022
European Central Bank raises interest rates for the first time in 11 years to zero percent!

22nd July 2022
Monetary Policy - How does raising interest rates control inflation?

17th July 2022
2022 Exam Application Context - High and Low Interest Rates

Topic Videos
Monetary Policy - Bank of England walks tightrope on interest rates

15th February 2022
Monetary Policy - Bank of England raises interest rates from 0.1% to 0.25%

17th December 2021
Monetary Policy - Different Approaches to Tackling Inflation

26th November 2021
UK Economy - The Surge in Inflation

Topic Videos
US Economy - Inflation jumps to highest level in thirty years

11th November 2021
Monetary Policy - The US Fed Tapers QE

4th November 2021
Monetary Policy - UK Base Interest Rates set to Rise

2nd November 2021
Monetary Policy - UK interest rate rise likely before the end of 2021

12th October 2021
Monetary Policy - Selection of Revision MCQs

Practice Exam Questions
Managed Floating Exchange Rates

Study Notes
Carney on popular disillusionment with capitalism

6th December 2016
Teaching Financial Markets - Central Bank and Money teacher webinar resources

12th March 2017
Monetary Policy - Central Banks and Monetary Policy

Study Notes
Inflation - Policies to Control Inflation

Study Notes
Monetary Policy - Quantitative Easing (QE)

Study Notes
Bank Lending

Study Notes
Quantitative Easing (QE)

Topic Videos
Evaluating Monetary Policy (Online Lesson)

Online Lessons
Negative Interest Rates Short Answers

Topic Videos
Central Banks (Financial Economics)

Study Notes
Advantages and Disadvantages of Higher Interest Rates

Topic Videos
Economic Effects of Higher Interest Rates (Revision Essay Plan)

Practice Exam Questions
The UK Economy in 2018 - Essential Exam Update

Topic Videos
Resources from the Reserve Bank of Australia

9th July 2018
Monetary Policy - The Bank of England

Study Notes
Monetary Policy in the UK (Revision Webinar Video)

Topic Videos
Test 6: A Level Economics: MCQ Revision on Monetary Policy

Practice Exam Questions
Why the Bank of England has raised interest rates

2nd November 2017
The absurdity of controlling inflation by adjusting interest rates

25th October 2017
Monetary Policy and Inflation (MCQ Revision Questions)

Topic Videos
GCC Fiscal Policy & the Balance of Trade: Gulf States Issue Bonds in their Plans to Raise Debt as the Price of Oil Falls

28th April 2016
Keynes & Phillips vs Von Mises & Hayek - the tag team fight of the century!

15th April 2016
Fantasy Economics for AS and A2 students!

14th April 2016
Has the ECB shot their last bazooka?

10th March 2016
Money in the modern economy

29th February 2016
Central banks in a Prisoner's Dilemma according to ex BoE Governor

28th February 2016
What is the role of central banks today?

4th January 2016
The importance of Central Bank credibility

15th December 2015
UK Economy: Carney Provides Forward Guidance on Interest Rates

7th August 2013
econoMAX - Forward Guidance is No Panacea

8th October 2013
econoMAX - How does Quantitative Easing affect the Exchange Rate

7th November 2013
Can Denmark Succeed Where Switzerland Failed?

3rd February 2015
Swedish central bank uses negative interest rates to avoid deflation

16th February 2015
The Future of Cash

29th September 2015

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Central Bank