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Growth and Development in the Ivory Coast
20th October 2014
Here are some summary notes on economic growth and development prospects for the Ivory Coast.
Ivory Coast is experiencing a period of strong economic growth although doubts persist about how sustainable this expansion will be. Currently, growth of real GDP is being supported by rising government spending and private investments to rebuild and expand infrastructure, structural supply-side reforms and increased investor confidence.
Agriculture in the Ivory Coast accounts for 25% of GDP (and within that cocoa production is worth 15% of GDP), two-thirds of employment and 40% of annual export revenue but the economy is diversifying as a way of promoting development.
Investment as a share of GDP
Cote d’Ivoire has underdeveloped commercial reserves of gold, nickel, iron ore, manganese and diamonds - the exploitation of these natural resources offers significant growth potential for the economy but also brings with it the risk of the natural resource curse that has afflicted many countries with a similar natural factor endowment.Ivory Coast has a fixed exchange rate - it has CFA Franc zone membership (with a currency peg to the Euro guaranteed by the French Treasury) this contributes to a stable currency and very low inflation (expected at 1.2% on average for 2014).
The balance of payments current account deficit is moderate (-2.2% of GDP in 2014) supported by a structural trade surplus. The main exports are cocoa and oil (each worth 30% of GDP) and export markets are diversified – with Ghana, the Netherlands and Nigeria accounting each for 8 to 9% of exports, followed by the US at 7%. External debt is at 35% of GDP, half of which consists of official bilateral loans. Foreign exchange reserves cover the value of 3.5 months of imports.
Current account of the balance of payments
GDP per capita is low but is increasing fast and significant progress is being made in achieving better human development goals. Similarly, governance and Doing Business indicators (as compiled by the World Bank) are weak but improving. Compliance with the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative reflects better governance in the commodity sector.
Background reading and videos:
Geoff Riley
Geoff Riley FRSA has been teaching Economics for over thirty years. He has over twenty years experience as Head of Economics at leading schools. He writes extensively and is a contributor and presenter on CPD conferences in the UK and overseas.
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