Down’s Syndrome

Down’s syndrome occurs when a foetus develops with an extra copy of chromosome 21. This is due to a genetic change in the sperm or the egg.

Down’s syndrome is classed as a learning disability which is characterised by delayed development e.g. children learning to sit, walk or talk later than other, typically developing children.

Effects of Down’s Syndrome on Physical Development

• Physical characteristics may include a small, flat nose, small mouth with a slightly protruding tongue, eyes that slant outwards, below average birth weight and length and a flat back of the head
• Higher chance of developing heart problems
• Gastrointestinal problems, such as obstructions of the bowels
• Visual impairment
• Poor muscle tone

Effects of Down’s Syndrome on Intellectual Development

• Delay in cognitive development
• Slower to learn skills such as reading and writing