The NHS is introducing free HPV self-testing kits for women in England who have missed their cervical screening appointments. Over the next year, nearly four million women will be invited to order a kit through the NHS App, text, email or letter. The aim is to increase screening uptake, as around one third of eligible women have recently missed their appointments.

The kits test for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes almost all cases of cervical cancer. Women collect a sample at home using a swab and send it to the NHS. If high-risk HPV is detected, they will be invited for a follow-up cervical screening appointment. Having high-risk HPV does not mean someone will definitely develop cervical cancer, but it increases the risk.

The importance of screening is shown by the experience of Gem Sofianos-Boorman, who was diagnosed with cervical cancer at 28 despite being young, healthy and having no symptoms. Her cancer was found during screening at an early stage, allowing her to receive treatment before it spread. She believes attending her appointment saved her life.

Health officials hope home testing will remove barriers that prevent women from attending appointments, such as embarrassment, lack of time and concerns about discomfort. Trials in London suggest self-testing could encourage around one in ten women to come forward for screening, potentially increasing participation by about 400,000 women each year.

1. Why is the NHS introducing HPV home-testing kits?

2. How does the HPV self-testing kit work?

3. Why is cervical screening important?