Unit 4 Macro: Development Goals - Child Mortality & Maternal Health
The Millennium Development Goals include targets for reducing child mortality and improving maternal health. These targets include:
Target: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
Target: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
|
Under-five mortality rate, 1990 and 2010 (Deaths per 1,000 live births) |
1990 |
2010 |
|
Sub-Saharan Africa |
174 |
121 |
|
Southern Asia |
117 |
66 |
|
South-Eastern Asia |
71 |
32 |
|
Latin America and the Caribbean |
54 |
23 |
|
Developed regions |
15 |
7 |
|
Developing regions |
97 |
63 |
There has been a 35 per cent drop in child mortality rates and despite population growth, the number of under-five deaths worldwide fell from more than 12 million in 1990 to 7.6 million in 2010. Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced a 2.4% annual fall, a marked improvement on the rate of fall seen during the 1990s. Despite this progress there are several areas of crucial concern:
- Death rates in the first month after birth have risen in the last ten years
- Deep and large rural-urban differences persist
- There are big disparities in infant survival rates between rich and poor households and between families where the mother has an education and where she does not
Goal 5: Improve maternal health
|
Maternal mortality, (Maternal deaths per 100 000 live births, women aged 15-49) |
1990 |
2010 |
|
Sub-Saharan Africa |
850 |
500 |
|
Southern Asia |
590 |
220 |
|
South-Eastern Asia |
410 |
150 |
|
The Caribbean |
290 |
190 |
|
Latin America |
130 |
72 |
|
Developed regions |
26 |
16 |
|
Developing regions |
440 |
240 |
In 2010, 32 women per
hour died as a result of giving birth. The global burden of maternal death has
fallen sharply with a reduction of 47 per cent since 1990 – but the maternal
mortality ration in developing regions was still 15 times higher than in developed
regions. One in ten maternal deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa was attributed to the
effects of HIV-aids.
There has been a ten per cent rise over twenty years in the percentage of birth deliveries attended by skilled doctors, nurses or mid-wives (65% in 2010) but this figure drops to less than half in Southern Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
Factors behind improving maternal health outcomes include:
- Attendance of skilled health personnel at birth
- Targeted nutritional interventions
- Better post-natal care provision and incentives
- Fall in birth rate among adolescents
- Better ante-natal care provision & incentives
- Better knowledge about healthy behaviour
Video resources:
Improving child mortality in Afghanistan
Fighting Hunger in Brazil
Saving Lives in Sudan - One Mother at a Time
Reducing maternal mortality in India
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