Market Failure

Gangmasters and monopsony power

How many gangmasters are there operating in the UK? Does the Licensing Authority really have a proper handle on the scale of workers being organised and often exploited by gangmaster businesses?  I was discussing this issue of monospony in my A2 revision presentations at London and Manchester in the last week. It is I feel one of the really important aspects of market failure in a largely deregulated labour market.

The BBC reports that ”a gangmaster has been stripped of his licence after investigators uncovered a “disgraceful story of forced labour” amongst migrant workers in Scotland.” The government has introduced a licensing scheme for gangmasters - partly as a consequence of the awful events that unfolded for the Chinese cocklepickers on Morecambe Bay (captured superbly in Nick Broomfield’s recent film “Ghosts").

Demerit goods in action

Two news stories catch the eye today with respect to demerit goods.

Firstly, the government plans to reclassify cannabis as a class B drug - but will this have any impact on its levels of use? Arthur Ma, in a related blog entry, has explored the issue in greater detail here.

Secondly, alcohol abuse is harming the health and productivity of the UK’s workers. According to the BBC, one on three employees admits being hungover at work.

…Now I know my ABCs!

But does Jacqui Smith? Today she announced the reclassification of cannabis up to a Class B drug – against the advice of the government’s drug council and undoing the reclassification to Class C under Tony Blair’s reign. Legislature on drugs is an infamously contestable topic with each political party throwing their respective hats into the ring. The Conservatives certainly want cannabis at Class B, the Lib Dems want to listen to the scientific advice which means that they want it at Class C, while the Greens were daring enough to declare in their recent manifesto that they want a legalised, regulated market for cannabis, much like in Holland. Personally, I don’t even know my own stance on this, but here’s the story so far:

Aspects of labour market failure

I have been researching some video clips for a presentation on labour market failure at the Tutor2u revision workshops - here are a couple of good ones. This BBC report looks into exploitation of migrant workers by a gangmaster business which has had its licence revolked. And Hugh Pym reports on the rising level of relative poverty in the UK despite sixteen years of economic growth. Finally this clip comes a series of progammes from BBC South East on ‘Breadline Britain’.

Revision: Labour Market Failure

Markets fail when they do not reach an efficient and/or equitable outcome from society’s point of view. At AS level, you will have studied many examples of possible market failure ranging from the provision of public and merit goods through to externalities and the welfare consequences of monopoly power in markets.  At A2 level, you are asked to explore some issues relating to labour market failure. This revision note flags up a few of them:

Revision note:
Revision_Labour_Market_Failure.pdf

The external costs of food waste

Over 4 million apples and over a million and a half bananas are thrown away in Britain every day. This video from Newsnight is excellent on the external costs of the food we throw away - estimated by some to be worth around £8 billion a year. Should we actively encourage food scavengers? What are the strategies we should be adopting to reduce the amount of food thrown away? This is a good topic to use to teach evaluation skills for AS microeconomics.

Asian Rice Crisis

The credit crunch is rivalled, arguably, by increasing food prices as a cause of economic (and human) concern in 2008.

This article from the BBC looks at some of the implications and you can watch/show videos on the rice crisis here.

Simple ideas work best

Sometimes the simplest ideas work the best especially when it comes to environmental policy. Today the Campaign for the Preservation of Rural England launches its Stop the Drop campaign in a bid to raise awareness of the impact of litter and fly-tipping. And Government minister Joan Ruddock is quoted in today’s Times saying that she is receptive to the idea of restoring compulsory deposits on plastic drinks bottles and aluminium containers as a way of incentivising people to take bottle back for recycling and reducing the volumes heading for landfill. It has worked in the past - ask the good people of Oregon. What is stopping the government? Get on with it!

Revision: Income Inequality

In this revision note we recap some of the causes of income inequality in the economy and look at what has happened to income inequality / relative poverty in Great Britain in recent years. Aimed at AS and A2 students.

Revision note:
Revision_Income_Inequality.pdf

Information Failure: Solariums

I dont usually listen to Women’s Hour, but during a lazy morning just before the start of our summer term, I latched onto a really interesting discussion about the dangers inherent in using sun beds and other solarium machines - not least from younger people whose skin is not yet mature enough to cope with intensive sun-showering. I was alerted to this issue last week with this article on the BBC news website about a 13-year-old boy who suffered severe burn blisters to his face after visiting a tanning salon three times in just one day. We can expect teenagers not to understand fully the dangers of AV tanning treatments but the problem is more widespread than that. Indeed, earlier on this month, Cancer Research released a report warning of the risks - this BBC news video might be a good resource to use if you are teaching the topic of information failure in a market. Should the industry be left to regulate itself or is there a case for government intervention e.g. enforcing a minimum age of 18 or 21 for using sun bed machines? The discussion might be broadened into looking at why people are willing to pay for such services and the availability of substitutes.