Q&A - Is there an optimal level of gearing?

Gearing varies from firm to firm and from industry to industry. It is important not to rush to judgement about the gearing level of a business without considering other factors such as profitability, liquidity and the competitive position of the business.

How can the gearing ratio be evaluated?

• A business with a gearing ratio of more than 50% is traditionally said to be “highly geared”.
• A business with gearing of less than 25% is traditionally described as having “low gearing”
• Something between 25% - 50% would be considered normal for a well-established business which is happy to finance its activities using debt.

It is important to remember that financing a business through long-term debt is not necessarily a bad thing!  Long-term debt is normally cheap, and it reduces the amount that shareholders have to invest in the business.

What is a sensible level of gearing?  Much depends on the ability of the business to grow profits and generate positive cash flow to service the debt.  A mature business which produces strong and reliable cash flows can handle a much higher level of gearing than a business where the cash flows are unpredictable and uncertain.

Another important point to remember is that the long-term capital structure of the business is very much in the control of the shareholders and management.  Steps can be taken to change or manage the level of gearing – for example:

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